Abstract Background Many animals face some form of conflict over reproductive opportunities.Queen selection in social insect colonies represents a high-stakes conflict where competition occurs among multiple queens for a few or a single reproductive role(s).The outcome of the contest is critical to the fitness of all colony individuals as most are
Corynebacterium glutamicum is an important workhorse for industrial production of diversiform bioproducts.Precise regulation of gene expression is crucial for metabolic balance and enhancing production of target molecules.Auto-inducible promoters, which can be activated without expensive inducers, are ideal regulatory tools for industrial-scale app
Essential facilities DIESEL PROTEIN FRENCH VANILLA designate specific inputs which are essential for the production of other downstream goods.Inputs are situated upstream and so are eligible for intellectual property protection.In order to foster competition in the downstream, holders of these inputs should be forced to give access to potential use
Physiotherapeutic effects of infrared lasers have been proved in clinic.These infrared-based regulations of the bioelectrical activities can roughly be classified into enhancement and suppression of action potential (AP), which are described by sodium (Na) and potassium (K) transmembrane current equations, named as Hodgkin and Huxley (HH)-model.The